Which type of memory is erased when the computer is turned off?

Volatile memory is indeed the type of memory that is erased when the computer is turned off. This category of memory requires a constant power supply to maintain the stored data. When a computer is powered down, the electrical charge that holds the information in this type of memory dissipates, leading to loss of that data.

Common examples of volatile memory include Random Access Memory (RAM), which is widely used for temporary data storage while a computer is operating. This allows the CPU quick access to data that is actively being used or processed, contributing to improved performance. In contrast, non-volatile memory, such as hard drives or solid-state drives, retains data even when the power is turned off, providing a long-term storage solution for files and applications. Flash memory, which is a type of non-volatile memory, similarly retains data without the need for power.

Static memory, while it can refer to certain types of RAM (like Static RAM or SRAM), also falls under the general category of volatile memory. However, it does not specifically define the capability of being erased upon shutdown, which is the defining characteristic of volatile memory as a whole. Therefore, the distinction of volatile memory being erased upon power loss makes it the correct choice for this question.