Which of the following is a common programming paradigm?

Object-oriented programming is a widely recognized programming paradigm that organizes software design around data, or objects, rather than functions and logic. In this paradigm, data structures (objects) can contain both data fields and methods that operate on that data. This encapsulation allows for more modular and reusable code, which enhances maintainability and scalability in software development.

One of the key features of object-oriented programming is the use of classes and inheritance, which allow for the creation of new classes based on existing ones, promoting code reuse and abstraction. This helps manage the complexity of large software projects by enabling developers to model real-world entities more intuitively.

Other choices provided, while related to programming in different contexts, do not represent standalone paradigms in the same sense. Integer programming is a mathematical optimization technique, distributed programming focuses on multiple computing resources working together, and algorithmic programming emphasizes the creation and implementation of algorithms. Each of these areas contributes to computing but does not encapsulate the structured approach to programming that object-oriented programming embodies.