Which of the following describes non-volatile memory?

Non-volatile memory is defined as a type of storage that retains data even when the power is turned off. This characteristic is essential for various applications, as it ensures that important information, such as files and settings, is not lost when the device is powered down. Common types of non-volatile memory include Read-Only Memory (ROM), Flash memory, and certain solid-state drives (SSDs).

In contrast, volatile memory, like Random Access Memory (RAM), loses its contents when the power supply is interrupted or turned off. This distinction is critical when deciding what type of memory to use in a given scenario—non-volatile memory is chosen for long-term storage needs, while volatile memory is typically utilized for active tasks and processing due to its speed.

The other choices describe characteristics that do not align with the definition of non-volatile memory, as they either refer to volatile memory or specific attributes that do not apply to non-volatile formats.