Which component performs arithmetic and logic operations in a computer?

The component that is responsible for performing arithmetic and logic operations in a computer is the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). The ALU is a critical part of the central processing unit (CPU) and is designed to execute mathematical calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as logical operations such as comparing numbers and evaluating Boolean expressions.

The design of the ALU allows it to handle various types of data processing tasks efficiently, which makes it essential for executing instructions that the CPU generates during program execution. This capability to perform both arithmetic and logical operations allows the computer to carry out complex computations and makes it versatile in handling a wide range of applications.

Other components such as the Control Unit manage the flow of data to and from the ALU, while the Memory Unit stores data and instructions. The Input Unit is responsible for receiving data from external sources but does not perform any computation itself. Therefore, the ALU clearly stands out as the primary component for arithmetic and logic functions within the computer architecture.