What protocol is commonly used for transferring files over the internet?

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is specifically designed for transferring files over the internet. It enables users to upload and download files from servers, allowing for the efficient management of large files and directories. FTP uses a client-server model, where the client initiates a connection to a server that hosts the files.

This protocol operates on two ports, typically port 21 for command signals and port 20 for actual data transfer, which facilitates the structured and robust transfer of various file types. FTP also offers features such as authentication and secure connections through versions like FTPS and SFTP, extending its usability in different contexts.

In contrast, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is primarily used for transmitting web pages and their associated resources, while Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is designed for sending emails. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used for network diagnostics and error reporting rather than for file transfer. This specialization makes FTP the preferred choice for file transfers over the internet.