What is the role of the CPU in a computer system?

The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is often referred to as the brain of the computer. Its primary role is to execute instructions from programs, which involves performing calculations and processing data. The CPU interprets and carries out commands from the computer's memory, managing tasks like arithmetic operations, logical comparisons, and control of input and output operations.

The execution of instructions is fundamental to a computer’s operation because it allows software applications to perform their designated functions, ranging from simple calculations to complex algorithms. The CPU uses its components—like the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for calculations and the control unit for directing operations—to carry out these tasks efficiently.

In contrast, managing network traffic pertains more to networking hardware like routers and switches, while storage functions are handled by storage devices such as HDDs or SSDs, which are designed specifically for data retention. Displaying output on a screen is the responsibility of the graphics processing unit (GPU) or the integrated graphics within the CPU, rather than the CPU itself leading that function. Thus, the CPU’s critical function revolves around executing instructions and performing calculations, making it an essential component of any computer system.