What is pharming in the context of cybersecurity?

Pharming is a cybersecurity threat that involves the manipulation of web traffic to redirect users from legitimate websites to fraudulent ones without their knowledge. This is often achieved by compromising the DNS (Domain Name System) server or by infecting the user's computer with malware. When someone unknowingly types in the URL of a trusted site, the pharming attack will lead them to a fake site designed to capture sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card numbers.

The other options do not accurately describe pharming. Encrypting information pertains to securing data to prevent unauthorized access, which is not related to the redirection aspect of pharming. Enhancing website performance typically involves optimizing load times and user interface, which is outside the context of deceptive redirecting practices. Protecting personal information focuses on safeguarding data rather than the act of misdirecting users, which is a predatory tactic inherent in pharming. Thus, option C is the most appropriate choice as it directly aligns with the described nature of the threat.