What distinguishes volatile memory like RAM from non-volatile memory?

Volatile memory, such as RAM (Random Access Memory), is characterized by its ability to hold data only while power is supplied. When the power is turned off or interrupted, all information stored in RAM is lost. This feature is essential for tasks that require rapid data access, as it allows for quick read and write operations, making it ideal for temporary storage of data that is actively being used by the system.

In contrast, non-volatile memory, which includes types such as flash memory and hard drives, retains data even when power is lost. This distinction is crucial for the functioning of various computing systems, where some forms of memory are required to retain data permanently or until explicitly deleted. Understanding this difference helps in grasping why certain types of memory are optimized for specific functions based on their resilience to power loss.